Valgrind - Valgrind is an instrumentation framework for building dynamic analysis tools.
strace - Trace system calls and signals. A diagnostic, debugging and instructional userspace utility.
Process Monitor - Monitor file system, Registry, process, thread and DLL activity in real-time.
perf - Perf is a simple app monitoring solution paired with meaningful alerts.
WinAPIOverride - WinAPIOverride : This software allows you to monitor and/or modify any function of a process for any calling convention (stdcall or cdecl)
DTrace - DTrace is a performance analysis and troubleshooting tool for Solaris, Mac OS X and FreeBSD.